The gut microbiota can influence both the efficacy and adverse effects of cancer therapies. Maria Rescigno (Humanitas research hospital, Italy) presents a preclinical study investigating a non-absorbable antibiotic with eubiotic properties in a mouse model of gastrointestinal toxicity induced by the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The treatment prevented gastroenteritis and preserved the intestinal mucus layer, epithelial barrier and gut vascular barrier. 

Microbiota analysis showed an expansion of Muribaculum intestinalis, whose administration reproduced the protective effects of the antibiotic. Importantly, this intervention did not reduce the antitumour activity of 5-FU. These findings identify M. intestinalis as a potential next-generation probiotic for preventing gastrointestinal complications associated with chemotherapy, although validation in humans will be required.